نقد و بررسی شعر Sailing to byzantium نوشته ی William Butler Yeat

Sailing to byzantium


THAT is no country for old men. The young
In one another's arms, birds in the trees
- Those dying generations - at their song,
The salmon-falls, the mackerel-crowded seas,
Fish, flesh, or fowl, commend all summer long
Whatever is begotten, born, and dies.
Caught in that sensual music all neglect
Monuments of unageing intellect.

An aged man is but a paltry thing,
A tattered coat upon a stick, unless
Soul clap its hands and sing, and louder sing
For every tatter in its mortal dress,
Nor is there singing school but studying
Monuments of its own magnificence;
And therefore I have sailed the seas and come
To the holy city of Byzantium.

O sages standing in God's holy fire
As in the gold mosaic of a wall,
Come from the holy fire, perne in a gyre,
And be the singing-masters of my soul.
Consume my heart away; sick with desire
And fastened to a dying animal
It knows not what it is; and gather me
Into the artifice of eternity.

Once out of nature I shall never take
My bodily form from any natural thing,
But such a form as Grecian goldsmiths make
Of hammered gold and gold enamelling
To keep a drowsy Emperor awake;
Or set upon a golden bough to sing
To lords and ladies of Byzantium
Of what is past, or passing, or to come.

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Sailing to byzantium

Fish , flesh , or fowl = واج آرایی ، چون ف بیشتر صدای مرگ میده اکثر کلماتی که با ف شروع میشن رو استفاده کرده

commend all summer long = symbol of young , youth
زندگی جوون ها رو تشبیه کرده به تابستان


A tattered coat upon a stick = metaphor


Soul clap its hands and sing, and louder sing = personification


Mortal dress = body

O sages = artistic work

Holy fire = eternity


Perne in a gyre = personal symbol


And be the singing-masters of my soul = control my soul

Sick with desire = physical desire


And fastened to a dying animal = بدن منو تو قفس کرده


Dying animal = body

Into the artifice of eternity = art is eternal