نقد و بررسی شعر Dulce Et Decorum Est

Wilfred Owen Dulce Et Decorum Est

Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,
Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,
Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs
And towards our distant rest began to trudge.
Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots
But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind;
Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots
Of disappointed shells that dropped behind.

GAS! Gas! Quick, boys!-- An ecstasy of fumbling,
Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;
But someone still was yelling out and stumbling
And floundering like a man in fire or lime.--
Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light
As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.

In all my dreams, before my helpless sight,
He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.

If in some smothering dreams you too could pace
Behind the wagon that we flung him in,
And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,
His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin;
If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,--
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory,
The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est
Pro patria mori.

Dulce et decorum est = it is sweet to die for one's country (patriotism)


Bent double , like old beggars under sacks = visual imagery (negative)

Bent double , like old beggars = similie

Knock-kneed , coughing like hags , we cursed through sludge = visual imagery (negative)

Coughing like hags = similie

Boots = legs (metanomy)

But limped on , blood-shod , all went lame , all blind = visual imagery (negative)?

Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! An ecstasy of fumbling = irony

An ecstasy of fumbling = oxymoron

Like a man = similie

A green sea = imagery , similie
گاز شیمیایی به دریای سبز تشبیه شده است

A devil's sick of sin = similie , allusion
مثل صورت پر گناه و مریض شیطان

Bitter as the cud = similie
اون خون بد مزه و تلخ و بد بو بود. تلخی اون خون مثل نشخوار می مونه.

Sores on innocent tongues = synecdoche

The old lie : dulce et decorum est
این یک دروغ قدیمی است که بچه ها رو بفرستیم جلو و کشته شوند