Noun compounds

اسم مشتق؛ که انواع آن در زیر آمده است:

۱. فاعل و فعل:

A)  subject + deverbal noun : sunrise, catcall, daybreak, earthquake, headache, heartbeat.

B) verb + subject : rattlesnake, crybaby, driftwood, flashlight, glowworm, hangman, popcorn, watchdog.

C) verbal noun in -ing + subject : flying machine, investigating committee, washing machine, working party, working man.

۲. فعل و مفعول :

A) object + deverbal noun : bloodtest, birth-control, book review, crime report, haircut, handshake, meat delivery, word formation, self control, tax cut.

B) object + verbal noun in -ing : air-conditioning, book-keeping, book-reviewing, brainwashing, dressmaking, housekeeping, letter-writing, sightseeing, story-telling.

C) object + agential noun in -er: cigar smoker, computer-designer, gamekeeper, hair splitter, language teacher, matchmaker, radio-operator, songwriter, stockholder.

D) verb + object : punchcard, drawbridge, push-button, scarecrow, punchball, treadmill

E) verbal noun in -ing : chewing gum, cooking apple, drinking water, eating apple, reading material, spending money.

۳. فعل و قیدی

A) verbal noun in -ing + adverbial : swimming pool, diving board(dive from a board), baking powder(bake with powder).

B) adverbial + verbal noun in -ing : daydreaming(dreams during the day), horse riding(ride on a horse), handwriting(write by hand).

C) adverbial + agential noun in -er : backswimmer(swim on the back), factory-worker(work in a factory).

D) adverbial + deverbal noun : homework(works at home), table talk(talk at the table), moon walk(walk on the moon), daydream(dream during the day).

E) verb + adverbial : searchlight(searches with a light), dance hall(dance in a hall), workbench(work at a bench), plaything(play with a thing).

مشتقات بدون فعل

۴. فاعل و مفعول

الف) اسم اول + اسم دوم(اسم اول باعث انجام اسم دوم میشود). مانند:

Windmill(the wind powers the mill), air-brake, air rifle, cable car, coal fire, motorcycle, steam engine, gas cooker.

ب) اسم اول + اسم دوم (اسم دوم؛ اسم اول را تولید می کند). مانند:

Toy factory(the factory produces toys), honey-bee, oil well, power plant, silkworm, tear gas, textile mill, water pistol, gold mine.

ج) اسم اول + اسم دوم (اسم اول؛ اسم دوم را بوجود میاورد). مانند:

Bloodstain (the blood produces stains), cane sugar, food poisoning, gaslight, hey fever, sawdust, tortoise-shell.

د) اسم اول + اسم دوم (اسم اول شامل اسم دوم است). مانند:

Doorknob(the door has a knob), piano keys, shirt-sleeves, table-leg, television screen, window-pane.

ه) اسم اول + اسم دوم(اسم دوم با اسم اول رابطه دارد و بهم مربوطند). مانند:

Security officer(the officer looks after security), chairperson, deckhand, fireman, gasman, motorman, police-officer, postman.

۵. فاعل و مسند(مکمل)

الف ) اسم اول + اسم دوم (اسم دوم همان اسم اول است). مانند:

Drummer boy(the boy is a drummer) , feeder boss, killer shark, manservant, oak tree, pine tree.

 ب) صفت + اسم(اسم برابر صفت است). مانند:

Darkroom(the room is dark), blackboard, blackbird, blueprint, greyhound, highchair, madman.

ج) اسم اول + اسم دوم(اسم دوم شباهت را برای اسم اول می رساند). مانند:

Frogman(the man is like a frog), butter-bean, catfish, dragonfly, goldfish, sandwich man, tissue paper.

د) اسم اول + اسم دوم (اسم دوم ؛ اسم اول را شامل میشود). مانند:

Snowflake(a flake of snow), breadcrumb, chocolate bar, dustheap, raindrop, soap flake.

ه) اسم اول + اسم دوم (اسم دوم برای اسم اول است یعنی نشاندهنده اسم اول است). مانند:

Ashtray(the tray is for ash), breakfast time, cough drops, tearoom,fire engine, flower bed, safety belt.

منبع
واژه شناسی انگلیسی نوشته ی دکتر غلامرضا تجویدی